Physical Activity in Aging: Changes in Patterns and Their Relationships to Health and Function

Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences. 2001;56(suppl 2):13-22

This article is part of a Special Issue supplement of Journals of Gerontology entitled “Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Quality of Life in Older Adults.”

Abstract: Sedentary behavior is an important risk factor for chronic disease morbidity and mortality in aging.  However, there is a limited amount of information on the type and amount of physical activity needed to promote optimal health and function in older people.  The purpose of this review is to describe the changes in patterns of habitual physical activity in aging and the relationships of these changes to physical function and selected chronic diseases.  We undertook a literature review of large population-based studies of physical activity in older people, and there is encouraging evidence that moderate levels of physical activity may provide protection from certain chronic diseases.  Additionally, substantial health effects can be accrued independent of the fitness effects achieved through sustained vigorous activity.  Thus, regular participation (i.e., 30 minutes/day on most days fo the week) in activities of moderate intensity (such as walking, climbing stairs, biking, or yard work/gardening), which increase accumulated daily energy expenditure and maintain muscular strength, but may not be of sufficient intensity for improving fitness, should be encouraged in older adults.  Public policy should focus on ways of increasing volitional and lifestyle activities in older people, as well as on increasing the availability and accessibility of senior and community center programs for promoting physical activity throughout the life span.

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All Articles in This Supplement

• Introduction (Drewnowski A, Evans WJ, pp. 5-6)
• Physical Activity and Parameters of Aging: A Physiological Perspective (Westerterp KR, Meijer EP, pp. 7-12)
• Physical Activity in Aging: Changes in Patterns and Their Relationship to Health and Function (DiPietro L, pp. 13-22)
• Physical Activity and Quality of Life in Older Adults (Rejeski WJ, Mihalko S, pp. 23-35)
• Interventions to Promote Physical Activity by Older Adults (King AC, pp. 36-46)
• Nutrition and Health Promotion in Older Adults (Chernoff R, pp. 47-53)
• Nutrition and Quality of Life in Older Adults (Amarantos E, Martinez A, Dwyer J, pp. 54-64)
• Dietary Intake, Dietary Patterns, and Changes With Age: An Epidemiological Perspective (Wakimoto P, Block G, pp. 65-80)
• Decreased Food Intake With Aging (Morley JE, pp. 81-88)
• Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Quality of Life in Older Adults: Summary (Drewnowski A, Evans WJ, pp. 89-94)